Land consolidation courts deal with cases where the relationship between holders of grazing rights needs be regulated, but also where the rights holders are competing with other potential land uses, such as building holiday cabins, forestry, hunting, etc.

In most countries, land consolidation was first introduced in rural areas, with legislation suitable for urban areas being drafted at a later date. This is also true of Norway. The first evidence of urban competency in the legislation is found in the Land Consolidation Act from 1950.

Post-Soviet reforms in Kyrgyzstan during the 1990s and early 2000s included the allocation of land for long time use and eventual ownership to residents. 75% of arable land, including over 1 million hectares of agriculture land was distributed during this period.

The findings of this study demonstrate that the despite the bouquet of land laws and other land reforms that have been put in place to make it easier for women to access land rights, both the formal and informal systems remain fraught with multiple extra-legal obstacles in the form of personal (f

Do Land Rights Formalization Interventions Work for Women?