Field visits to over twenty villages in five different provinces of the Lao PDR have shown that across all ethnic groups, communities use and manage communal lands. Types of lands often found to be under communal management include upland areas, grazing lands and village use and sacred forests.

This study focuses on the Ethio-Sudan cross-border cattle trade along the border between Sudan and the Amhara Region. It was initiated by the Integrated Livestock Development Project (ILDP) which operates in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Regional State.

In 1998, Fisher et al. attempted to draw together published and anecdotal information to answer some of the questions raised by the findings of Fisher et al. (1994; 1995), that introduced pastures of African grasses on the eastern plains of Colombia accumulated large amounts of C in the soil.