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Showing items 1 through 9 of 427.
  1. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Rwanda

    This paper reports the findings of an in-depth case study of a highly densely populated area in the Northwest of Rwanda which has been conducted during the period 1988-1993. It demonstrates that acute competition for land in a context characterized by too slow expansion of non-agricultural income opportunities has resulted in increasingly unequal land distribution and rapid processes of land dispossession through both operation of the (illegal) land market and evolution of indigenous tenure arrangements.

  2. Library Resource
    March, 1995
    Rwanda

    The paper first describes the interactions between population growth, land use, and environment in Rwanda, a small, densely populated landlocked nation in the East-African Great Lakes region. These interactions are modelled using a conceptual framework applied to the neighboring Kivu region in Zaire, but adapted to the Rwandan case study.

  3. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1996
    Burkina Faso, Africa

    This paper introduces a modeling method which simulates a village's response to population and market pressure. The method combines a linear programming model with a biophysical model of soil condition and plant growth. The linear programming model simulates farmers' plans aggregated at the village level, and the biophysical model predicts yields and land degradation for different land use and cropping patterns. The method has been calibrated for two villages located in a semi-arid and a sub-humid savanna region in Burkina Faso in West Africa.

  4. Library Resource
    Journal Articles & Books
    January, 1995
    Southern Asia, Africa, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Botswana, China, India, Niger, Zimbabwe

    "Rapid expansion of employment in low-income countries is one of the biggest challenges of development. The growth in labor supply in developing countries will remain large for a long time to come. Incomes of the poor in rural areas will depend more and more on productive off-farm work, and in the rapidly expanding urban areas, food security will depend largely on jobs and wage rates"--P. xiii.

  5. Library Resource
    Journal Articles & Books
    January, 1995
    Thailand

    Agricultural growth in Thailand from the Second World War until about 1980 was dominated by a massive expansion in the land area under cultivation. During this period Thailand was probably the only country in Asia that saw an expansion in cultivated land per agricultural worker (figure 5.1). The availability of land allowed agriculture to continue to absorb large amounts of labor, with the consequence that Thailand still has a larger proportion of its labor force in agriculture than other Asian countries at similar income levels (figure 5.2).1

  6. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995
    China, Asia

    This paper seeks to understand how market imperfections affect the behavior of consumers in China's rural economy. A theoretical and empirical model is developed and estimated using a household-level data from six counties in Hebei Province. The results show that market development plays an important role in explaining food consumption behavior in China. As the market develops, farmers demand less grain and vegetables and consume more meat, fruit, and other food products after control for income and price effects.

  7. Library Resource
    January, 1995

    En este número:; Familias encabezadas por mujeres: ¿desagregación útil o agregación engañosa?; Herencia de la tierra: ¿ceden su lugar los sistemas de herencia matrilineal a los de herencia patrilineal y cuáles son las repercusiones?; Nuevos informes: Sobre crédito; Nuevos informes: Sobre agua y riego; Nuevos informes: Sobre la fecundidad; Nuevos informes: Sobre la asignación de tiempo; Nuevos informes: Investigaciones sobre género en el CGIAR; Nuevos informes: Exposición del IFPRI en las reuniones preparatorias para la Conferencia de Beijing

  8. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1995

    The author argues that African rural areas behave differently from rural areas in fully commercialized market economies. In commercialized economies, price signals quickly induce factor flows, including items such as investment and technological change. A need for more food is quickly translated into production of either more food or more non-food items to finance food imports. If agricultural potential exists in such countries, market incentives will encourage both appropriate output mixes and investment inflows; growth will then occur.

  9. Library Resource
    Reports & Research
    January, 1996
    Egypt, Africa

    Using a mathematical-programming agricultural-sector model of Egypt, this paper analyzes mechanisms for allocating scarce water and for charging the farmers the Operation and Management (O&M) costs of irrigation and drainage, currently covered by the government. The effects of cost recovery are negative but minor. A crop charge (based on crop water consumption per land unit) and a volumetric charge both discourage consumption. The former is easier to implement but does not stimulate water-saving technical change.

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