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Showing items 1 through 9 of 37.
  1. Library Resource
    January, 1995
    Namibia, Sub-Saharan Africa

    Results from this study show that the over-used but under-researched association between grazing and land degradation in the Kalahari has been oversimplified. In typical Kalahari conditions, the ecological changes that have been brought about by grazing cannot be linked with more fundamental changes in ecosystem function. Basic soil processes appear relatively unaffected by grazing pressure outside the sacrifice zone, and there is no evidence to suggest that the resilience of the system has been affected through soil degradation.

  2. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Bangladesh, Southern Asia

    The management of water resources has become a critical need in Bangladesh because of growing demand for water and increasing conflict over its alternative uses.As populations expand and make various uses of water, its growing scarcity becomes a serious issue in developing countries such as Bangladesh. Water can no longer be considered a totally free resource, and plans must be developed for its efficient use through better management and rules that preserve everybody's access to it and interest in its development.

  3. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Ecuador, Latin America and the Caribbean

    This report aims to assess what poverty means to marginalized rural families, what kind of survival strategies families use in times of hardship, and what these families believe is needed to alleviate their poverty.

  4. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Sub-Saharan Africa

    Key findings and policy implications discussed in this document—Promoting Farm Investment for Sustainable Intensification of African Agriculture— include the following: Farmers are much more likely to invest in both productivity and land protection when they can produce cash crops. Livestock husbandry is a boon to farm investments, as it provides cash income, manure, and an insurance policy against crop failures. Land tenure insecurity, political instability, policy caprice, and wildly fluctuating farm prices dissuade investment.

  5. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Bangladesh, Southern Asia

    The current level of per capita production of rice in Bangladesh can be sustained only through increased yields of modern rice varieties.The recent growth of food grain (primarily rice) production in Bangladesh has outpaced population growth largely because of the spread of green revolution technology. The transition from being labeled a "basket case" in the early 1970s to the virtual elimination of rice imports in the early 1990s is particularly remarkable considering the severe land constraint in Bangladesh.

  6. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Sub-Saharan Africa

    Report draws attention to the structure of landholding as a set of mechanisms through which demographic changes in agrarian societies can alter the natural environment: demographically-induced change in the structure of landholding: farm holdings generally become smaller as an ever-increasing number of households enter the agricultural work force and seek to derive their livelihood from this fixed resource base holdings tend to become more fragmented, not simply in the number of parcels operated but in the distances between parcels, as farmers look harder and farther for whatever bits and p

  7. Library Resource
    January, 1995
    Israel, Western Asia, Northern Africa

    Paper explores the relationships between the following concepts under the conditions of Middle Eastern semi-arid ecosystems. Paper states that there are two apparent contradictions in the title of this paper. First, grazing by domestic livestock is often considered to be hostile to nature conservation, especially in semi-arid areas (the ongoing conflict between ranchers and environmentalists in western USA is just one contemporary example of this).

  8. Library Resource
    January, 1995
    Belize, Latin America and the Caribbean

    Will intensifying the road network around market areas produce greater economic returns and less environmental damage than extending the road network into new areas?Rural roads promote economic development but also facilitate deforestation. To explore the trade-offs between development and environmental damage posed by road building, Chomitz and Gray develop and estimate a spatially explicit model of land use.

  9. Library Resource
    January, 1996

    The subject of this article is the alleged inverse relationship between farm size and productivity in developing countries. The recent controversy is reviewed, and a framework is provided to explain the inverse relationship based on plausible assumptions about imperfections in the markets for labor, credit and land. On this basis testable hypotheses are derived. Using farm-level panel data from Pakistan, the framework is assessed by regressing output on operational farm size, size of owned holding, family size, tenurial status and irrigation status of the land.

  10. Library Resource
    January, 1996
    Sub-Saharan Africa

    This research report provides an in-depth understanding of many aspects of Senegalese agricultural policy, its historical impact, and more recent farmer responses to government attempts to recent farmer responses to government attempts to stimulate growth in the agricultural sector. Addressed directly are such questions as: How have farmers responded to changes in agricultural technology, prices, and marketing policies? What have been the policy successes and failures? What are the current trends in cropping productivity?

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